Emergence of the linguistic-logical analysis: (a) the role of linguistic and grammatical studies in theories of meaning. Analysis of the logic of metaphor, declarative and imperative statements.(b) Stoic logic. (c) Principles of Islamic Juriprudence “Fiqh”; Forms of linguistic logical analysis: transformation to artificial language (Russell), emotive current, prescriptive current, analysis of ordinary language, functional analysis; Relation between and critiques and interpretation of texts. (Hermeneutics); Applied models: analysis of metaphysical statements; Analysis of moral statements: value and ought judgments.